Augustus or Caesar

 Who do you think was a more important leader, Caesar or Augustus? Explain your
    answer using details and relevant facts to support your opinion.

Augustus Octavian was a better leader, politician and emperor when compared to Caesar. Caesar was a cruel person, even though he was loved by Rome’s lower class, he made many enemies. Julius Caesar defied the Roman republic, he declared a civil war, while knowing that this would lead to violence, and that he would lose many men who trusted him to make the right choices. Augustus on the other hand, made many reforms. He beatified Rome, as he said himself “Rome was a city of bricks and clay, I left it a city of marble”, this just shows some of the changes Augustus made. He started importing grains and other products from Africa and other nations; he increased the trade and improved Rome’s economy. Among the economic reforms, he also made a paid army, which meant that the soldiers were highly trained and were very loyal; all of them were roman citizens.  Augustus conquered modern day Hungary, Romani and parts of Spain and Austria, this meant that he expanded the empire even further. Lastly, Augustus changed the law and taxes systems, he fought against corruption, greedy tax collectors and unfair trials. However most, the most important thing he did was pave the road for 200 years of peace in Rome, this period is called the Pax Romana. The Pax Romana can be compared to the Golden Age in Athens, in both periods arts, philosophy and science flourished, and it was a general time of peace and happiness.

Even though, Julius Caesar  fought for the rights of the underprivileged citizens, and expanded the Roman empire, he still had a “dark side”, he was cruel and made many enemies. The key problem with his regime was that peace wasn’t in his best interest, he wanted to further expand the empire, this is in good, but having peace and unity is more important. Augustus continued on what Caesar started, but changed some key focuses, he brought peace but sill expanded the empire, and he fought corruption and made sure that everyone was treated equally.

Would I vote for Caesar

If I was a roman Plebian citizen I would vote for Julius Caesar .Caesar helped the Plebian’s by giving them land and  offering them jobs and food, he also tried to make the court as equal as possible. I would vote for Caesar’s re-forms and attempts to make Rome stronger, better and wealthier. Along with expanding the empire, Caesar gave the poor a better chance, he made public jobs available for all citizens, meaning that farmers who were moved out of their small farms, could still have a job. He also worked  with the  Plebian council, to make sure that there was as little as possible jobless people. Even though he was loved by Rome’s lower class Caesar slowly became enemies with many of Rome’s senators and High class citizens, because he slowly became a threat. As he became more and more powerful Caesar still had his loyal supporters and was still widely loved, but also had an expanding number of enemies. Definitely if I were a Patrician I would vote against Caesar.

Roman Legends

Remus And Romelus

The first legend of how Rome was founded is about two brothers, Remus And Romelus, they were raised by a wolf on the river Tiber.  They decided to build a city in 753 BC. The brothers often fought but, when Remus made fun of Romulus wall that he built, Romulus lashed out at his brother and killed him. Romelus went on to become the first king of Rome, which he named after himself.

Aeneas

The seeds of Rome could be traced even further To the Aenied, the story of a Trojan hero called Aeneas. He and a band of followers are said to have landed on the mouth of the river Tiber. After the Greeks captured Troy. Through warfare and marriage to the local kings daughter Aeneas united the Trojans and the Latin’s .

Alexander the Great and his influences

Alexander the Great 

Alexander the great, like his father was a great leader, both of them expanded Macedonia, and made many crucial changes in its culture and government . I think that Alexander does deserve this title not only for his military achievements but also for his excellent ruling of the empire and allowing cultures to develop within it.  Macedonia before Alexander’s rule was a large state north of Greece, when King Philip (Alexander’s father) he turned Macedonia into a military power. The difference between Macedonia’s army and the other ancient armies is that, Philip's army was strictly made up of highly trained professional soldiers.  Philip also made many new weapons and thought of innovative battle tactics, in a way Alexander carried on what his father started.  By the time Alexander came to rule his father had extended the empire, he had several tribes around Macedonia under his command and Greece. In 336 BC Alexander’s father was murdered, at the age of 20 he took over his father’s kingdom, he immediately put down all revolts that were starting up.  Soon Alexander began his 20,000 mile conquest, spreading the empire even further. He often won battles by outsmarting his opponents, because he didn’t always have the advantage. Against King Darius III of Persia, Alexander had to outsmart him because he had a smaller army than the Persians. One of the reasons why I think that Alexander the great does deserve his title is because of both his military career and his leadership qualities. Alexander knew that he couldn’t rule a vast empire by himself, so he appointed governors who would report to him. Besides extending the empire he also spread the Greek culture, but in an odd way. Every time he conquered a nation he would bring in some elements of Greek culture but would also let some parts of the previous culture stay.

 

Blog Post 4

The Spartan way, from Junior Scholastic

By Sean Price

In its time Sparta was the strongest, and most dominant City-state in ancient Greece. Their dominance had a lot to do with the fact that they had a army superior to most other rival city states. Spartan men had to join the army when they were seven and started ferocious training as soon as they joined the army. No mercy was shown toward the trainees.  They were not allowed to show pain and the boys did not even live with their family, this shows that all of citizens were devoted to the army from a young age. The elder soldiers and military leaders, treated the young men as slaves and expected them to be fully disciplined because they strongly believed that the army is the most important thing.  The army barely gave them any food so they had to steal provision, which means that they had to steal food and other supplies. Their army duties were over when they turned thirty; this meant that they could get married at the age of thirty the earliest. Which today isn’t early in some cultures it is considered late.

In Sparta Oligarchy was the chosen form of government. In Oligarchy several people controlled the government, In Sparta the king and military leaders controls the government. Unfortunately because of its very military oriented culture, the Spartans didn’t leave behind many written records for historians to study from. But from what we know about them we know that this violent civilization ceased to exist in 371 B.C when it was destroyed by Thebes.

I found this quote interesting and unusual, “After eating Spartan food, I saw why they were willing to die in battle”, as I understood this quote was found in a journal and it came from a visitor in Sparta.  What I found weird was that they would rather fight in war than eat the food. Either this man was on a culinary adventure, which I doubt or he wrote the quote in a humors manner. Since I highly disbelieve that any one would be willing to die because of bad food. 

Blog post 3

From The ancient Olympics
from the Olympic Games.

11/10/2011



The Olympic games first started as a tribute to the gods, primarily Zeus, the runners sacrificed animals before the event in order for them to honor the gods and to help him win the race. At first only speed walking was a part of the Olympics and then other sports were added. I found it strange how in ancient Greece women were not allowed to participate or even spectate the Olympic events. This rule was taken so seriously that if it was broken the woman would be killed. I personally believe that that is wrong because today some of the best Olympic athletes are women. By the 129th Olympics women could compete.

I found that the chariot races were started when a king named Enamaus raced a price called Pelops for his daughter named Hippodamia. The king promised his daughter that she would marry the first person that could find her and escape the him in a chariot. 13 young men tried but were put to death by the king, finally Pelops sabotaged the king and won. He gave thanks to Zeus and announced that that day would be a sports festival, and a time to honor Zeus. The original Olympics lasted from 776 BC to 393 AD.

As the years passed more and more events were added, even though we have no written record, but we know that footraces, chariot races, boxing and other brutal sports were also part of the Olympics.The most brutal event was called Pancratium, it was basically a brawl. Men would get seriously injured or even killed during events like this. There was also the Penathlon which combined 5 events, they threw spears, ran, wrestled, threw discusses and comped in the long jump.


The Greek Olympics came to an end when the nation was Invaded by the Romans,their beliefs did not go along those of the Greeks so the Olympics ceased to exist. Because for the Romans war trade were the most important, religion came after. Therefor there was no reason to hold the Olympics. The Olympics were revived later but lost their point. Contestants would bribe the judges, they didn't compete for honor and glory as they did in Greece. Their final decline was when Emperor Theodosius II ordered  the walls protecting the stadium to be brought down, the Olympic grounds were flooded and destroyed. There would be no Olympic games for more than fifteen hundred years. From then the games have a form as we know them today.

Blog post 2

What values were most important to early Greeks and why were they considered important?

After reading excerpts from Homer’s Odyssey and discussing Greek values depicted there, I can conclude that the Greek people valued ingenuity and courage the most of all the values. I believe that courage is highly valued by the Greeks because I found examples of it in the excerpt Odysseus and the Cyclops. After being captured by the Cyclops, the monster started depicting the sailors one by one. To save himself and his crew Odysseus forged a plan that required great courage. Together with the sailor Odysseus poured the monster whine and got him drunk, until he was asleep. Then they stabbed his eye until he was blind. When the monster screamed for help he said that nobody is killing him, Odysseus’s fake name. Then they carefully tied themselves to the giant sheep and safely returned to their anchored ship. The reason why I believe this shows courage is because the Cyclops is much larger than all of the sailors and it’s a Cyclops island. 

Along with courage the Greeks highly valued ingenuity, which is creative problem solving. At the end of the odyssey, Odysseus doesn’t want to come into his house as himself, because that would have angered the suitors. So, together with Athena he forged an inguinal plan. He would disguise himself as an old man and would outmatch all of the suitors in the contest for Penelope’s hand. After taking of the disguise he defeated all of the wicked suitors, but still Penelope didn’t recognize him. After thinking deeply Odysseus remembered the bed he made for Penelope on their wedding day, only Odysseus and Penelope could see it. Immediately Penelope knew that it was really Odysseus and that he had returned from his 10 year journey. The reason why I believe that this was inguinal is because Odysseus thought of the best way to remind her Penelope that it was really him.  

 In what ways are early Greeks values found in modern society?

The ancient Greek values are still valued today, but they aren’t in the same way. Most of the values stayed but they have either merged with traits or are not used as commonly. Courage is used less to describe heroic  deeds and more to describe risks that are taken.

Time travelling

Ancient Kenya:

My journey through time begins in Kenya. The sun shines high above the land, causing great heat in the savanna. As I walk around my landing area I hear some sort of noise, I cannot tell wether it is made by animals or could it be early humans. As I followed the sound I heard the rushing of water. As I approached it I saw some strange form of humans, they looked three times as harry as we are and looked ape like. I cannot tell wether they are wearing clothes or are dragging an animal on their back. The majority is made up of women and children. They are collecting berries and I can tell that their tribe is a hunter gatherer tribe. Further away from the river are some sort of tents, I believe that they are not permanent but are only there for a short period. As I approached them I concluded that they do not look like us at all and do talk in a different way.

I heard some sort of war cry. Apparently the tribes hunters had returned and were informing the rest that food has come. They looked at me in awe, I seamed like completely different to these creatures. I tried waving at them and showing my time machine. They were even more amazed. Just when I was about to join some of the tribe people at the fire my time travelling machine started beeping, I knew it was time to leave. I thought of going  further up north east,  into Asia. I expect to see significant development, from the early human stages to a early civilisation.

Sumaria:

My landing cite was a bit better than the one in Kenya, I appeared to be in Mesopotamian  town.  The greatest change from the people in Kenya to the ones In Sumer is the fact that the early humans were nomadic people while the Sumerians were farmers. As I looked around I saw town people picking the crops and planting new ones. To me it appeared that the area had no water, but when I looked closer I saw irrigation systems from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. After looking around a bit more I saw that in this year the civilization was still developing. I thought of skipping to the Egyptian civilization without looking around any more. Then I realized that that would be to great of a time gap and that I would miss out on an important civilisation. So I switched on the fast forward function on my time travelling machine, it skipped only a few decades. Once I stopped, I looked around and to my surprise there was change. The city in which I stood before, had merchants and artist. This meant that the town had a surplus of food and that the people could explore other jobs besides farming.Farmers brought in their harvested crops and sold them to the towns people while merchants sold all sorts of objects from far away place. This was a sign of trade and that the civilisation had developed a great deal in the short period of time. I went to what appeared to be a temple. The interior was covered with pictographs and paintings. I can only suppose that they had a religious purpose. But on the other hand I linked them with Gilgamesh, I knew that stories about him were one of the earliest recorded. I wonder who translated this epic to english.

Ancient Egypt: 

Now that I have reached Egypt, I knew that I am standing on the land of a great civilization. I look around, and saw a huge pyramid, next to was a large “cat”. After pointing at the cat and shrugging my shoulders the passing Egyptian said only two words " Giza and Sphinx". Later I realised  that it was a sphinx, and it was there to "protect" the pyramids from evil spirits and anyone who wanted to rob the. I decided that getting a camel would be of use, so I found a camel tied to a wooden gate.I untied the knot and sat on the camel. I rode through the village. The hot winds blew in my face, sand was in the air making it hard to see far ahead.  I entered one of the pyramids, in which I  saw hieroglyphs on the walls. I also saw some sort of ancient comics. After looking closer I figured that they were a part of the book of the dead. Remembering my seventh grade teacher I recalled that the Book of the Dead was basically an instruction manual on how to have a successful afterlife. What a great comforting thought, for an egyptians hard life, was the idea of afterlife. Right outside the pyramid I saw slaves pulling giant limestone blocks to a nearby pyramid. I was amazed how they managed to pull such a rock with no wheels attached to it.

Ancient India:

After travelling through time several times in one day I felt tired and didn't want to visit India. I knew that India had many beautiful sites, the Himalayas, Hindu Kush mountains and The major rivers. All of these geographical features allowed the civilizations to develop better and quicker. The first place that I visited was the Indus river, along it towns were built boats sailed in it. Later I travelled up north to see the holy Ganges river, in it people bathed. They believed that by doing so all sins were washed away. To see the thing that I wanted to visit, the Taj Mahal, I had to turn on fast forward mode and travel to the 17th century AD. The magnificent structure was built for 20 years, and it was made as a tomb for the wife of emperor Shah Jahan. It was the most beautifully decorated building I have ever seen. From some angles it seemed pink and from others it was white. After I spent several minutes staring at it, I figured that it was time to return to our time. On my way home I thought of how long it takes to achieve Moksha or Nirvana. With me travelling this fast I will never achieve it. I do not have enough time to meditate and think about life.

Today:

Once I departed from Ancient India, I chose to visit Catal Hayuk, one of the largest cities in that time . It covers 23 acres and has over 4000 homes. Catal Hayuk is located in present day Turkey, it was a part of the fertile crescent. That is the reason why I believe that it achieved to expand so much. In Catal Hayuk the specialisation of labour was well developed, this means that artist and traders were already there for a long time. The reason why this city is religiously important is because it shows the first signs of people praying in their homes. Fortunately  the foundations of buildings remain, there are few buildings that even have walls and parts of the flat roof. I believe that further exploration of the region  using radio  carbon dating and geo- magnetic research ,could reveal even more about Catal Hayuk and the people that lived there. In my next time travelling adventure I will certainly explore the fertile crescent more, especially this region. I believe that the fertile crescent played a major role in the Neolith revolution. In the fertile crescent the Neolith revolution started. In the region hunters and gatherers started making permanent settlements, due to the fact that they saw how rich in minerals the soil was. The rich soil sparked the ideas of developing agriculture. After growing grains, the former nomads, started taming animals, this saved time and energy. They didn't have to follow the animals any more. According to Gordon Child, the most important change in the human history, is Neolith revolution in which Homo sapiens , once nomadic hunter and gatherer became permanently settled , agricultural farmer .   

Once I returned to Belgrade and found the the National Geographic magazine. On it was the name of my great grand father Luka Luketic, he collected these magazines for many years. In it was a surprising discovery. A temple in Turkey was found, it is seven thousand years older than Stonehenge. The temple itself is over 11,000 years old, and has sparked many new ideas. Some Historians are started to doubt the idea of people settling according to agriculture, now the new theory says that they settled according to religion. I believe that Gobekli Tepe, is up to some point similar to Stonehenge, both have the stones sticking out. 

The story of the Taj Mahal

Taj- Mahal

Taj Mahal is a mausoleum built for the wife of Emperor Shah Jahan.  The emperor’s wife, who he met while his father ruled as Emperor in a bazaar. From the day he met her Shah Jahan knew that she would be his future wife.  His only   concern was that his father would not approve of her because she was not a princess.  To his surprise his father approved of her and they got married several years later. Shah led his father’s army into great battles, expanding the empire beyond its current boarders. Where ever he went into battle he took his wife, while travelling, Shah got news that his father was ill and had die. Immediately he returned to attend his father’s funeral. He ordered that Mumtaz Mahals rooms were beautifully decorated with jewels and diamonds.  He ruled successfully for many years. During one military campaign, His wife gave birth to their daughter. At first Shah Jahan was overwhelmed. Until he got news that his wife had not survived giving birth. In her honor he built one of the grandest Tombs in the world the Taj Mahal, It is beautifully decorated with granite, marble and patterns made by the best artists in the kingdom.

Today the Taj Mahal attracts millions of tourists annually; today it is considered less of a spiritual place than a tourist attraction.

Surya ( the Hindu God )

After reading a section from our online textbook, I had to chose one Hindu god to write about. While searching for a god to write about I though about other religions that have more than one god. The first one I thought of was Egypt so I chose my favorite god, Amon Re and searched for his Hindu counterpart. The god that if found was Surya, The main solar god or deity. At first I thought that he was female.  While researching more about Surya I came across an interesting fact,I found out that he has several wives. The reason why this is important is because in Hindu literature Surya is a god that you can see every day, he is basically like a god living among humans.

After looking at paintings of Surya I realized that he usually holds a lotus flower in each hand and has a horse pulled chariot.

Across India there are many temples dedicated to the Sun God. Most often there is either a lotus fountain or  chariot located in front of the temple. Surya was once among the most worshiped gods in Hinduism but then people decided not to worship him. Still Some people go to the Ganges river, where they pray to the gods and pray to Surya instead of Ganga.

Surya ( the Hindu God )

After reading a section from our online textbook, I had to chose one Hindu god to write about. While searching for a god to write about I though about other religions that have more than one god. The first one I thought of was Egypt so I chose my favorite god, Amon Re and searched for his Hindu counterpart. The god that if found was Surya, The main solar god or deity. At first I thought that he was female.  While researching more about Surya I came across an interesting fact,I found out that he has several wives. The reason why this is important is because in Hindu literature Surya is a god that you can see every day, he is basically like a god living among humans.

After looking at paintings of Surya I realized that he usually holds a lotus flower in each hand and has a horse pulled chariot.

Across India there are many temples dedicated to the Sun God. Most often there is either a lotus fountain or  chariot located in front of the temple. Surya was once among the most worshiped gods in Hinduism but then people decided not to worship him. Still Some people go to the Ganges river, where they pray to the gods and pray to Surya instead of Ganga.

Map Of India Reflection and Comparison

 Compare all three of your maps

a)   How do physical features, climate and elevation relate to each other

After closely looking at the two maps, I realized some key similarities and relations between each map. The closes linked maps are the Elevation map and the physical features map. They are basically the same map except that the elevation map is flat and the physical features map is three dimensional. Now the real challenge was finding the relationship between the climate map and the other two. First I observed that the elevated regions seem to have a colder climate in general. Once I goggled it, I found out that I was not mistaken. The higher regions or the highlands have a much colder climate than the flat area, this is in general. The upper region of India, especially near the Himalayas is higher than the rest and is therefore colder. It is estimate that the Highland lapse rate is 10 degrees Celsius per kilometer in elevation.  On the elevation map the northwest region of India appears to be quite low, and looks as if it’s hot. More detail was found on the physical features map, where the region towards Pakistan is partially dessert. The Thar Dessert is mostly in an arid region but also stretches across the semi-arid part of India.  The interesting thing is that the Gulf of Kutch has the same climate as the dessert even though it is closer to the ocean.

The early settlers settled along the Indus River and the Ganges River, because they offered irrigation for the crops the farmers grew. Most of the civilizations started out that way, The Egyptian civilization also began in the Nile river valley.  The natural resources that were used the most in that time were wood and water, later rock was used to make tools. People settled according to the natural resources in the region. Therefore the first Indian settlers came to the Ganges river valley because they saw that the soil there was good for growing crops.

The civilizations in river valleys strived and expanded because they could grow crops better than in other regions, the enabled them to have a surplus of food. The two largest river side cities were Mohenjo- Daro and Harappa. Mohenjo-Daro especially used the water to their advantage and built drainage systems and irrigation systems. This is one of the examples of how early settlers moved into certain areas because of the natural resources.

What conclusions can you draw?

What I was able to conclude about these maps is that they may not seem similar at first. But if you know about the different climates and their relation to elevation, you can conclude that the colder climates are usually closer to the poles or are on elevated ground.  As I found out, in the Himalaya region is not that cold until the mountain range. Once you climb higher on the mountains the temperature becomes lower, above 4880 meters is a coat of permanent snow and ice, and here the temperature is constantly below zero. In other regions such as the Thar dessert, which is low, the temperature is hotter than in other parts of India. 

To back up my knowledge about the climates, together with my mom I researched why is the temperature lower when flying at high altitude or when standing on a high mountain. I found out that the reason behind the temperature is all about air pressure, the higher you are the lower the air pressure is and gasses in lower pressure are colder than ones in high pressure.

Mohenjo Daro

                        Mohenjo Daro

The article we read talked about the ancient city of Mohenjo Daro. Throughout the article the author mentioned that the people of Mohenjo Daro were skilled at city planning. They had a well plan city, with an advanced drainage system.  Compared to the other cities Mohenjo Daro lacked palaces, temples and monuments, this lead archeologist into questioning whether the people of Mohenjo Daro had a form of government. Some archeologist believe that it was governed as a city state and that each section of the city had their own representative who would govern that area. The city was one of the most important ones in the Indus river valley because of its size it spreads over 250 hectares, for that time a city that size was huge.

Unfortunately not much is known about Mohenjo Daro, therefore there is a lot of information on the internet, but I hope that further research will help historian learn more about this amazing city.  

Unit Reflection

Unit reflection: Ancient Egypt                                                                                     Luka Luketic

                                                                                                                                    5/4/2011

  
    

1: This unit was a unit filled with research and creative thinking. We had two mini projects where we could show our creativity by drawing the Path of the river Nile and its surroundings and by creating our own Egyptian artwork. Both of these projects showed our creativity but also required research, without it we couldn’t have known what the path of the Nile looks like or how the Egyptian artist painted. The last project we did was all about inquiring into one specific part of the ancient Egyptian culture, you had to be collaborative because you had to understand that other people were going to do the same topic as you, therefore you had to talk to them and make sure that your information doesn’t overlap. Throughout the unit as a whole the one learner profile that would suite it the best would be inquirer. We inquired in every part of the unit, at the beginning when we took notes, we inquired, we did the same when we drew the map and we inquired the most when we thought the class about ancient Egypt,

2: The physical environment of an area can not only affect the way the people farm and build houses; it can also affect the way the whole civilization develops.  A civilization in the rain forest can develop constantly because there is less threat of an invasion, but on the other hand they can’t trade as much as other civilizations can.  I believe that ancient Egypt had a perfect balance, they were protected by the Sahara from one side and by the Nile from the other, and mountain ranges also offered protection for this civilization. A civilization like Egypt can strive, not only because of the protection but because of the fact that a river likes the Nile can protect the people and allow trade routes, it also helps the crops grow. But some physical environments like desserts do not help the civilization, desserts are dry and provide nothing but protection and this happens in only some cases like the Egyptian civilization.

Egyptian rulers (Notes)

Egyptian Rulers

Kingship

Only some of Egypt’s kings were smart and good at trade, those kings lead the country well, others were merciless and greedy, this caused them many things including the thrown.

From Dynasty to Dynasty

The history of ancient Egypt is the history of its Dynasties

A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same royal family

Egypt had 31 dynasties in total, from 3100 BC to 332 BC when Egypt was conquered.

The dynasties were grouped into three kingdoms the early kingdom, the middle kingdom and the new kingdom.

The gaps between the kingdoms are times of troubles such as wars.

All Powerful Pharaohs

Pharaohs had absolute power over the people because they were believed to be earthly forms of gods

They could appoint new rules that suite their needs and wants, one example is: a portion of the crops must go to the ruler during the harvest

Advisors were at their sides to help them in important decision making, and they could turn to Ma’ Ta

Egypt is unified

Medes united Upper and Lower Egypt

During his reign he built a city called Memphis, it was the capital from which he ruled.

According to legend the pharaoh Narmer craved during Mendes’s time, some archeologist believe that they were the same person

The Three Kingdoms

The Old kingdom

Egypt was in good relations with Nubian, they traded with only small and eventual conflicts.

The kingdom ended because governors started questioning the power of the pharaohs and that is what leads to a mutiny and total havoc in the cities.

This weakened the dynasty.

The Middle kingdom

The rulers restored the peace and managed to reunite Upper and Lower Egypt once again.

The countries money was spent on the public works, this meant new schools and the towns will be fixed

This earned the country even more money, which they weren’t willing to put into the war and military. This caused them to lose to the invaders.

The New kingdom

Egyptian princes became strong enough to drive out the foreign invaders. This marked the beginning of the New kingdom

The first pharaoh to rule wanted an empire, they had a huge army, some on horses others in chariots.

They were nearly unbeatable.

Tutankhamen was only a child when he inherited the thrown, he ruled until he was 18, at that age he died. He was buried with riches and his tomb was found in 1992

The pharaoh queen

Huteshput was one of the greatest rulers of Egypt; she was bold and concentrated on economics.

During her lead Egypt had traded with far away lands and countries, this brought new materials and items.

Her rule was ended because she died and proceeded the thrown to Thutmose he III

Thutmose III

He was an educated man who ruled based on his army.

Together with the soldiers he conquered many lands, but had mercy over them.

He was also unusual because he studied plants in his spare time.

Questions

1      a: Egyptians believed that their kings were half gods, that is why they had tremendous power over the people.

b: Compared to other rulers pharaohs were the only ones who had so much power because they were believed to be earthly versions of the gods this gave them more power than any one else.

2      a: Early kingdom: The early kingdom had good trading relations with Nubia

           Middle kingdom: The middle kingdom had a weak army but was very rich and had great schooling.

           New kingdom: The new kingdom had a grand army; they also had good rulers who conquered many lands

3: Pharaohs of Egypt were successful for such a long time and held the country together, because the fundamentals of the country were based on religion. This means that as long as the people believe, the pharaohs have power. They also had slaves which worked and built amazing cities, they also went to war with chariots and advance tactics.

             

Egyptian Art

Ancient Egyptian art

In the picture that I drew, Anibus is standing next to the hart scale. To the left is Ammut the soul eating monster.  This is the weighing of the hart; this is a ceremony that supposedly took place. According to The Book of the Dead each Egyptian who was supposed to go and have an afterlife had to get his hart weighed first. If the hart is heavier than the feather or the bull’s head the person has done wrong. If you have done wrong your heart is through to Ammut who eats it.  Anibus is the god of the afterlife, he observes each heart weighing and has a view into the life of the person, and if he sees injustice he will tilt the scale the opposite way.  Ammut is Anibuses pet, his job is to eat the hearts of the wrong doer.

This is an important picture because the Egyptians strongly believed in the afterlife so it was important to them to illustrate what the process looked like. This picture could have been a part of the book of the dead, in which they explain how to have a successful after life or the picture could have been on the walls of a tomb or royal palace.   Most likely the picture could have been drawn during the great Egyptian dynasty, because in that period (2890 to 2686 BC) this type of drawing isn’t usually made because it looks nice but because it is supposed to teach people about the afterlife, that is why painters make many copies of the same painting. At the time painters were basically slaves who could draw, they drew for countless hours in extreme heat and sun. 

A trip down the Nile

A trip down the Nile

There are many reasons why I would be going down the Nile; the primary objective is to trade with the farmers in Memphis, and Alexandria.  I started in Abu Simbe, a very spiritual place with one of the largest temples in the region.  As I prepare for my journey the one loyal person is with me, my dog.  As we go down the river he plummets into the river and plucks a few fish out of the river and brings them onto the boat.  As we pass Aswan and Kom  Ombo, slaves shout at us offering their assistance, we continue sailing down river.  We avoid rocks and other boulders sticking out in the river, I feel the hot wind blowing in my face. Finally we arrive in Memphis; there we are greeted by fellow travelers. We obtain goods of all sorts and continue our journey down the river and into the Mediterranean Sea. 

First Empires poster